Influence of Different Extraction Methods on Fatty Acid
Composition of Lipid Extracts of Chlorella vulgaris
Beijerinck from Laguna De Bay, Philippines
Rochelle Joie A. Saracanlao1*, June Owen Nacorda2, and Hidelisa P. Hernandez3
1Agricultural Systems Institute, College of Agriculture and Food Science,
University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), College, Laguna 4031 Philippines
2Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences,
UPLB, College, Laguna 4031 Philippines
3Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences,
UPLB, College, Laguna 4031 Philippines
*Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Chlorella vulgaris Beijirinck cultures isolated from Laguna de Bay were cultivated and the biomass produced after one month of cultivation was subjected to stepwise selection of solvent system, algae-to-solvent ratio, and extraction method. The optimized procedure for C. vulgaris was found to be sonication with 2:1 (v:v) chloroform:methanol as extractant at 1:20 (g:ml) algae:solvent ratio producing 51% crude lipid (dry-weight basis). Using thin layer chromatography, the C. vulgaris lipid extract showed the following approximate composition: triglycerides (79%), sterols (14%), and 1,3-diglycerides present in substantial amounts. Gas chromatography – flame ionization detection of the fatty acids as fatty acid methyl esters showed the following components: myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and traces of lauric acid. Analysis of the lipid extracts showed that extraction procedure, along with the solvent system, affects both yield and lipid profile. Total lipid yield and sterol yield increase with increasing polarity of the solvent system. Triglycerides, on the other hand, decreases with the polarity of solvent systems used. A more varied fatty acid class was obtained using more polar solvents (8 fatty acids) compared with the usage of less polar ones (1–3 fatty acids).
INTRODUCTION
Microalgae are regarded as a promising sustainable energy resource due to their capacity to amass huge amounts of lipids that performs similarly to petroleum (Sheehan et al. 1998). This has resulted in researches focusing on the cultivation of algae for lipid production – specifically biodiesel – via lipid transesterification. Lipids can be categorized as polar such as glycolipids and phospholipids and neutral/nonpolar lipids such as mono-, di-, and tri-acylglycerides (Greenwell et al. 2010). . . . read more
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