GOVPH
MENU

Awareness of and Adherence to the Food Based Dietary Guidelines Among Household Meal Planners in the Philippines

Marilou M. Lopez-Madrid1*, Cecilia Cristina S. Acuin2, Consuelo L. Orense1,
Charmaine A. Duante1, Robby Carlo A. Tan1, and Mario V. Capanzana1

1Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition
Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig City
2Human Nutrition, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines

*Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

 

ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to determine the awareness of and adherence to the food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) among household meal planners in the Philippines. The data were collected from 9754 meal planners nationwide during the conduct of the 2015 Updating Survey of Nutritional Status of Filipino Children and Other Population Groups. A pre-tested survey questionnaire was administered to the respondents by trained researchers through face-to-face interview. Questions included were on awareness about the four FBDGs – 2012 Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos (NGF); Kumainments (localized and simplified version of NGF); Pinggang Pinoy® (a plate-like pictorial model); and the Daily Nutritional Guide Pyramid (DNGP) – and food intake practices relative to the 2012 NGF. Findings of the study showed low nationwide reach of the four FBDGs. The meal planners were most aware of the DNGP (35.8%) and Kumainments  (27.5%). They have least awareness on Pinggang Pinoy® (10.6%).  The most often recalled message was “Eat fruits and vegetables” in the NGF (28.1%) and in Kumainments (35.2%), while about 25% mentioned “Eat a variety of foods everyday”. The respondents had limited adherence to the dietary guidelines. The most adhered message was “limit intake of salty, fried, or fatty and sugar-rich foods” (74–91%), while only one-half of the respondents adhered to the guideline “eat a variety of foods everyday”. Intake of other food/food groups (vegetables, protein-rich foods, and calcium-rich foods) was done about 2–4 times per week. There is a need to strengthen and harmonize the dissemination efforts of FBDGs not only among meal planners, but also among various segments of the population using various media channels. Continued refinement of communication strategies used for FBDG implementation – as well as regular monitoring and evaluation – should be done to improve FBDG’s usefulness and effectiveness.

INTRODUCTION
The Philippines is facing various nutrition and health problems. In the 2013 National Nutrition Survey (NNS), undernutrition was a public health problem. The survey results showed that almost 20% of Filipinos aged 5 years and below were underweight, while 30.3% were stunted using weight-for-age and height-for-age as indices, respectively. Obesity using body mass index (cut-off ≥ 30 kg/m2) was more common in adults. Anemia was the most common micronutrient deficiency, especially among infants aged 6 mo to <1 yr (40.5%). Among adults 20 years and older, chronic energy deficiency (CED) was reported in 1 out of 10 adults, while overweight and obesity were observed in 3 out of 10 adults. Among pregnant women, the teen-age mothers were more at risk (24.8%). These findings highlight the concurrent existence of both undernutrition and overnutrition in children and adults. . . . . read more

 

REFERENCES
BALL  K, MISHRA GD, THANE CW, HODGE A. 2003. How well do Australian women comply with dietary guidelines? Public Health Nutr 7(3): 443–452. DOI:10.1079/PHN2003538.
Bechthold A, Wendt I, Laubach B, Mayerböck C, Oberritter H,
Nöthlings U. 2017. Consumers’ awareness of food-based dietary guidelines in Germany. Results of a representative survey. Ernahrungs Umschau 64(7): 112–119. e25–e27.
Beebe ML. 2010. Awareness, understanding, and usage of MyPyramid in college students. [MS thesis]. Graduate College of Bowling Green State University. 52p.
Brown KA, TIMOTIJEVIC L,   Barnett    J,   Shepherd    R,  Lähteenmäki  L, Raats MM. 2011. A review of consumer awareness, understanding and use of food-based dietary guidelines. Br J Nutri 106(1): 15–26. DOI:10.1017/S000711451 1000250.
Cameron J, Brinsdon S. 1998. Evaluation of Food and Nutrition Health
Education Resources. Eating for Healthy Children. Eating for healthy Adolescents. Wellington: Ministry of Health. In: Keller I  & Lang T. 2008. Food-based dietary guidelines and implementation: lessons from four countries–Chile, Germany, New Zealand and South Africa. Public Health Nutr (11): 867–874.
DE ABREU D, GUESSOUS I, GASPOZ JM, MARQUES-VIDAL P. 2014. Compliance with the Swiss Society for Nutrition’s Dietary Recommendations in the Population of Geneva, Switzerland: A 10 year trend study (1999-2009). J Acad Nutr Diet 114(5): 774–780.
[EFSA–NDA]  European Food Safety Authority Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA). 2010. Scientific Opinion on establishing food-based dietary guidelines. EFSA Journal 8(3): 1460. [42p.]. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010. Available online: www.efsa.europa.eu
[fao–who] Food and Agriculture Organization – World Health Organization. 1998. Preparation and use of food-based dietary guidelines. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/nutrientrequirements/WHO_TRS_880/en/ on 19 Oct 2017.
FLORENTINO RF, TEE ES, HARDINSYAH R, ISMAIL MN, SUTHUTVORAVUT U, HOP LT. 2016. Food-Based Dietary Guidelines of Southeast Asian Countries: Part 2- Analysis of Pictorial Food Guides. Mal J Nutr 22(supplement) : S49–S65.
[FNRI–DOST] Food and Nutrition Research Institute – Department of Science and Technology. 2001. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures. Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines. 109p.
[FNRI–DOST] Food and Nutrition Research Institute – Department of Science and Technology. 2010. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2008. Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines. 371p.
[FNRI–DOST] Food and Nutrition Research Institute – Department of Science and Technology. 2015a. Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos, Revised Edition 2012. Taguig City, Philippines. 149p.
[FNRI–DOST] Food and Nutrition Research Institute – Department of Science and Technology. 2015b. Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2013. 8th National Nutrition Survey: Dietary Survey. Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines. 272p
[FNRI–DOST] Food and Nutrition Research Institute – Department of Science and Technology. 2016. Pinggang Pinoy®: A Healthy Plate for a Well-Nourished Nation. Taguig City, Philippines. 101p.
FUKUTA E, SUDO N, KATO N. 2008. Barriers to compliance with the Daily Food Guide for Children among first-grade pupils in a rural area in the Philippine Island of Mindanao. Eur J Clin Nutr 62: 502–510.
GEORGE gc, milani tj, hanss-nuss h, freeland-graves jh. 2005. compliance with the dietary guidelines and relationship to psychosocial factors in low-income women in late postpartum. J Am Diet Assoc 105: 916–926.
Huybrechts I,  Matthys C,  Vereecken C, Maes L,  TEMME EHM, Van Oyen H,  De Backer G,  De Henauw  S. 2008. Food Intakes of Preschool Children in Flanders Compared with Dietary Guidelines. Int J Enviro Res Public Health (5): 243–257. DOI:10.3390/ijerph5040243.
Keller I, Lang T. 2008. Food-based dietary guidelines and implementation: Lessons from four countries–Chile, Germany, New Zealand and South Africa. Public Health Nutr (11): 867–874.
KNUDSEN, VK, FAGT S, TROLLE E, MATTHIESSEN J, GROTH MV, BILTOFT-JENSEN A, SØRENSEN MR, AND PEDERSEN AN. 2012. Evaluation of dietary intake in Danish adults by means of an index based on food-based dietary guidelines. Food Nutr Res 56(1): 17129.
Kromhout D, Spaaij CJK, De Goede J, Weggemans RM. 2016. The 2015 Dutch food-based dietary guidelines. Eur J Clin Nutr 70(8): 869–878.
Kuizon MD, Florentino RF, Magsaysay CG. 1990.  Development of Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos. J NDAP 4(3): 103–109.
LOOMAN M, FESKENS EJ, DE RIJK M, MEIJBOOM S, BIESBROEK S, TEMME EH, DE VRIES J, GEELEN A. 2017. Development and evaluation of the Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015. Public Health Nutr 20(13): 2289–99.
NARCISO Z, AGUILA D, GLORIOSO MI, JAVIER C, DORINGO J. 2015. Formative Research on the Development of a Filipino Food Guide. J NDAP 29(1&2): 13–17.
NARCISO Z, GLORIOSO MI, JAVIER C , AGUILA D, SERRANO S,DORINGO J, CAPANZANA M. 2012. Nutrition School on Camera (NSC): An Innovative Nutrition Education Approach for Promoting Food and Nutrition Messages. J NDAP 26(1&2): 45–55.
NAVASERO A, TALAVERA M. 2015. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of the Ten Kumainments, Food Diversity and Nutritional Status of Selected Adolescents. J NDAP 29(1&2): 19–26.
ROYO-Bordonada  MR, Gorgojo L,  Martin-Moreno JM, Garce C, Rodrıguez-Artalejo F, Benavente M, Mangas A, De Oya M. 2003. Spanish children’s diet: compliance with nutrient and food intake guidelines. Eur J Clin Nutr 57(8): 930–939.
SMITH AM, BAGHURST K, OWEN,N. 1995. Socio-economic Status and Personal Characteristics as Predictors of Dietary Change. J Nutr Educ 27: 173–181.
TANCHOCO CC. 2000. Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos 2000: The Development Process. J NDAP 14(4): 289–301.
TANCHOCO CC. 2011. Food-based dietary guidelines for Filipinos: retrospects and prospects. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 20(3): 462–471.
TEE ES, HARDINSYAH R, FLORENTINO RF, ISMAIL MN, SUTHUTVORAVUT U, HOP LT. 2016. Food-based dietary guidelines of Southeast Asian Countries: Part 1- A compilation and analysis of key messages.  Mal J Nutr 22(supplement): S1–S15.
VOORTMAN T, KIEFTE-DEJONG JC, IKRAM MA, STRICKER BH, van Rooij FJA,  Lahousse L, Tiemeier H, Brusselle GG, Franco OH, Schoufour JD. 2017. Adherence to the 2015 Dutch dietary guidelines and risk of noncommunicable diseases and mortality in the Rotterdam Study Eur J Epidemiol 32: 993–1005. DOI 10.1007/s10654-017-0295-2
Worsley A, Worsley AJ, Coonan W, Peters M. 1985. The influence of the Body Owner’s Program on ten year olds’ food beliefs. J Nutr Educ 17(4): 147–153.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2014. Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD) Country Profiles, 2014. Retrieved from http://:www.who.int/countries/phl/en/ on Mar 2016.