Composition of the Main Dominant Pigments from Potential Two Edible Seaweeds
Tatas Hardo Panintingjati Brotosudarmo1,*, Heriyanto1,2, Yuzo Shioi1, Indriatmoko1,
Marcelinus Alfasisurya Setya Adhiwibawa1, Renny Indrawati1, and Leenawaty Limantara1,3
1Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Ma Chung University, Villa Puncak Tidar N-1, Malang-65151, Indonesia 2Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
3Center for Urban Studies, Universitas Pembangunan Jaya, Jl. Cendrawasih Raya B7/P, South Tangerang-15413, Banten, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Two seaweed species – Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta) and Padina australis (Phaeophyta) – have been commercially viable raw materials for the food industry. Despite their usefulness as sources of carrageenan and alginate, there is little information concerning their chlorophylls and carotenoids. Composition and quantification of the chlorophylls and carotenoids in K. alvarezii var. brown and P. australis were studied using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a recently developed 3D-multi-chromatogram analysis method. Identification of the most dominant pigments was confirmed by mass spectrometry using positive electron spray ionization. Samples were collected from three different locations in Indonesia (Jepara, Madura, and Maluku). A total of 39 pigments were found from the crude extracts of K. alvarezii and P. australis, and the four main dominant pigments (chlorophyll a, β-carotene, fucoxanthin, and zeaxanthin) were quantified by recently developed 3D-multi-chromatogram analysis method. Both seaweeds in three locations had almost similar pigment composition and only a small variation on minor pigments, except for the Maluku Island samples. The relationship between pigment concentration and environmental factor of solar irradiation was investigated using the pigment ratio between chlorophyll a and main carotenoids. The effect of solar irradiance on pigment formation is discussed.
Keywords: 3D-multi-chromatogram, carotenoid, chlorophyll, Kappaphycus alvarezii, Padina australis
INTRODUCTION
Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty ex P.C. Silva 1996) is an introduced-species, which has been mono-cultivated as the largest seaweed commodity not only in Indonesia, but also in other tropical Asian countries. Indonesia is currently leading the production of K. alvarezii with nearly 1.5 x 106 tons in 2009, driven by the increasing demand for κ-carrageenan (Meinita et al. 2012). Another potential seaweed is Padina australis (Hauck 1887), a native species of brown seaweed that is increasingly being cultivated and studied as source of alginate (Widyastuti 2012). In addition to carrageenan and alginate, K. alvarezii and P. australis are also rich sources of natural pigments that have other additional biological functions (i.e., antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-inflammation, and anti-hyper cholesterol) as well as natural colorants, depending on the chemical properties of the pigment. . . . . read more
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