GOVPH
MENU

Enhanced Root System Developmental Responses to Drought by Inoculation of Rhizobacteria (Streptomyces mutabilis) Contributed to the Improvement of Growth in Rice

Roel R. Suralta1*, Ma. Ysabera T. Batungbakal2, Justine Camille T. Bello2,
Lance M. Caparas2, Vincent H. Lagunilla2, Katreen Mae D. Lucas2,
Joeffrey U. Patungan2, Angela Joyce O. Siping2, Jayvee A. Cruz1,
Maria Corazon J. Cabral1, and Jonathan M. Niones1

1Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) Central Experiment Station,
Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3119 Philippines
2Muñoz National High School, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3119 Philippines

*Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

 

ABSTRACT

Drought limits rice production under upland conditions. This study quantified the effect of rhizobacteria inoculation on root system development during germination stage under laboratory conditions and in early vegetative stage in soil subjected to drought, as well as their contribution to soil water uptake and dry matter production using NSIC Rc192 variety. The source of inoculant was Streptomyces mutabilis, a bacterium capable of producing plant growth promoting compounds such as ACC deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid, and phosphatase. In the first experiment, pre-germination inoculation of seeds by S. mutabilis significantly increased the shoot and seminal root length as well as root hair lengths, relative to the uninoculated control. In the second experiment, inoculation of S. mutabilis generally had longer total root length under drought – regardless of the timing of inoculations – relative to the uninoculated control. Consequently, improved root system development contributed to the increase in soil water uptake under drought and thus, resulted in the increase in dry matter production. Among inoculation treatments, one-time inoculation of S. mutabilis either at pre-germination or pre-drought stress at 14 days after sowing (DAS) had significantly greater shoot dry matter production than three-time inoculation at pre-germination, thinning (3 DAS), and pre-drought stress (14 DAS). This study demonstrated the effectiveness of rhizobacteria (S. mutabilis) containing growth promoting compounds for enhancing drought dehydration avoidance root traits and improving the growth of rice plants under drought conditions.

Key words: drought, dry matter production, rhizobacteria, root system development, upland rice, water use

 

NTRODUCTION

Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses that limit crop production under rainfed conditions. There are about 100 M hectares of rice areas in the world and 89% of them are in Asia. Of the total rice area in Asia, 45% are rainfed areas, of which 25% is never flooded and thus, classified as upland conditions (Serraj et al. 2009). The rainfed upland field has poor accumulation of water due to uneven upper toposequence, absence of bunds, and lower water-holding capacity of the soil (Bernier et al. 2008). Generally under upland conditions, it is thought that deep and thick roots are the key traits for adaptation in rice (O’Toole & Bland 1987) particularly roots below 30 cm from the soil surface (Yoshida & Hasegawa 1982). This is highly influenced by both genotypic variations and intensity of drought stress (Price et al. 2002; Kamoshita et al. 2002; Kato et al. 2006, 2007; Uga et al. 2011), as well as cultural management practices such as the application of sufficient amount of nitrogen (N) (Tran et al. 2014) regardless of N forms (Tran et al. 2015). . . . . read more

 

REFERENCES

BAÑOC DM, YAMAUCHI A, KAMOSHITA A, WADE LJ, PARDALES JR. 2000. Genotypic variations in response of lateral root development to fluctuating soil moisture in rice. Plant Prod Sci 3:335-343.
BASHAN Y, HOLGUIN G. 1997. Azospirillum-plant relationships: environmental and physiological advances (1990-1996). Can J Microbiol 43:103-121.
BERNIER J, ATLIN GN, SERRAJ R, KUMAR A, SPANER D. 2008. Breeding upland rice for drought resistance. J Sci Food Agric 88:927-939.
CRUZ JA, PATERNO ES. 2014. Isolation and screening of actinomycetes for its growth promoting activities. Asia Life Sci. 23:413-428.
CRUZ JA, DELFIN EF, PATERNO ES. 2015. Promotion of upland rice growth by actinomycetes under growth room conditions. Asia Life Sci. 24:87-94.
GALLAVOTTI A. 2013. The role of auxin in shaping shoot architecture. J Expt Bot 64:2593-08.
GLICK BR. 2005. Modulation of plant ethylene levels by the bacterial enzyme ACC deaminase. FEMS Microbiol Lett 251:1-7.
GLICK BR. 2012. Plant growth-promoting bacteria: mechanisms and applications. Scientifica 15p.
GLICK BR. 2014. Bacteria with ACC deaminase can promote plant growth and help to feed the world. Microbiol Res 169:30-39.
GLICK BR, PENROSE DM, LI J. 1998. A model for the lowering of plant ethylene concentrations by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. J Theor Biol 190:63-68.
HARDOIM PR, VAN OVERBEEK LS, ELSAS JD. 2008. Properties of bacterial endophytes and their proposed role in plant growth. Trends Microbiol 16:463-471.
HARIKRISHNAN H, SHANMUGAIAH V, BALASUBRAMANIAN N. 2014. Optimization for production of Indole acetic acid (IAA) by plant growth promoting Streptomyces sp. VSMGT1014 isolated from rice rhizosphere. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 3:158-171.  
HEGG EL, QUE-JR L. 1997. The 2-his-1-carboxylate facial triad - an emerging structural motif in mononuclear non-heme iron(II) enzymes. Eur J Biochem 250:625-629.
KAMOSHITA A, WADE J, ALI ML, PATHAN MS, ZHANG J, SARKARUNG S, NGUYEN HT. 2002. Mapping QTLs for root morphology of a rice population adapted to rainfed lowland conditions. Theor Appl Genet. 104:880-893.
KANO M, INUKAI Y, KITANO H, YAMAUCHI A. 2011. Root plasticity as the key root trait for adaptation to various intensities of drought stress in rice. Plant Soil 342:117-128.
KANO-NAKATA M, INUKAI Y, WADE LJ, SIOPONGCO JDLC, YAMAUCHI A. 2011.　Root development and water uptake, and shoot dry matter production under water deficit conditions in two CSSLs of rice: Functional roles of root plasticity. Plant Prod Sci 14:329-339.
KANO-NAKATA M, SURALTA RR, NIONES JM, YAMAUCHI A. 2012. Root sampling by using a root box–pinboard method. In: Shashidhar HE, Henry A, Hardy B, editors. Methodologies for root drought studies in rice. Los Baños (Philippines): International Rice Research Institute. p. 3-8.
KATO Y, ABE J, KAMOSHITA A, YAMAGISHI J. 2006. Genotypic variation in root growth angle in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its association with deep root development in upland fields with different water regimes. Plant Soil 287:117-129.
KATO Y, KAMOSHITA A, YAMAGISHI J, IMOTO H, ABE J. 2007. Growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars under upland conditions with different levels of water supply. 3. Root system development, soil moisture change and plant water status. Plant Prod Sci 10:3-13.
KONO Y, YAMAUCHI A, NONOYAMA T, TATSUMI J, KAWAMURA N. 1987. A revised experimental system of root-soil interaction for laboratory work. Environ Cont Biol 25:141-151.
KUZYAKOV Y, XU X. 2013. Competition between roots and microorganisms for nitrogen: mechanisms and ecological relevance. New Phythol 198:656-669.
MAYAK S, TIROSH T, GLICK BR. 2004. Plant growth promoting bacteria that confer resistance to water stress in tomatoes and peppers. Plant Sci 166:525-530.
MOHITE B. 2013. Isolation and characterization of indole acetic acid (IAA) producing bacteria from rhizospheric soil and its effect on plant growth. Journal Soil Sci Plant Nutr 13:638-649
O’TOOLE JC, BLAND WL. 1987. Genotypic variation in crop plant root system. Adv  Agron 41:91-145.
PATTEN CL, GLICK BR. 2002. Role of Pseudomonas putida indoleacetic acid in development of the host plant root system. Appl Environ Microbiol 68: 3795-3801.
PENROSE DM, GLICK BR. 2003. Method for isolating and characterizimg ACC deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Physiol Plant 118:10-15.
PENROSE DM, MOFFATT BA, GLICK BR. 2001. Determination of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to assess the effects of ACC deaminase-containing bacteria on roots of canola seedlings. Can J Microbiol 47:77-80.
PIERIK R, SASIDHARAN R, VOESENEK LACJ. 2007. Growth control by ethylene: adjusting phenotypes to the environment. J Plant Growth Regul 26:188-200.
PRICE AH, STEELE KA, MOORE BJ, JONES RGW. 2002. Upland rice grown in soil-filled chambers and exposed to contrasting water-deficit regimes: II. Mapping quantitative trait loci for root morphology and distribution. Field Crop Res 76:25-43.
SERRAJ R, KUMAR A, MCNALLY KL, SLAMET-LOEDIN I, BRUSKIEWICH R, MAULEON R, CAIRNS J, HIJMANS RJ. 2009. Improvement of drought resistance in rice. Adv Agron 103:41-98.
SIOPONGCO JDLC, YAMAUCHI A, SALEKDEH H, BENNETT J, WADE LJ. 2006. Growth and water use response of doubled haploid rice lines to drought and rewatering during the vegetative stage. Plant Prod Sci 9:141-151.
SHARP RE, LENOBLE ME. 2002. ABA, ethylene and the control of shoot and root growth under water stress. J Exp Bot 53:33-37.
SMITH RD, WILSON JE, WALKER JC, BASKIN TI. 1994. Protein-phosphatase inhibitors block root hair growth and alter cortical cell shape of Arabidopsis roots. Planta 194:516-524.
SURALTA RR, INUKAI Y, YAMAUCHI A. 2010. Dry matter production in relation to root plastic development, oxygen transport and water uptake of rice under transient soil moisture stresses. Plant Soil 332:87-104.
TRAN TT, KANO-NAKATA M, TAKEDA M, MENGE D, MITSUYA S, INUKAI Y, YAMAUCHI A. 2014. Nitrogen application enhanced the expression of developmental plasticity of root systems triggered by mild drought stress in rice. Plant Soil 378:139-152.
TRAN TT, KANO-NAKATA M, SURALTA RR, MENGE D, MITSUYA S, INUKAI Y, YAMAUCHI A. 2015. Root plasticity and its functional roles were triggered by water deficit but not by the resulting changes in the forms of soil N in rice. Plant Soil 386:65-76.
UGA Y, OKUNO K, YANO M. 2011. Dro1, a major QTL involved in deep rooting of rice under upland field conditions. J Exp Bot 62:485-2494.
YAISH MW, ANTONY I, GLICK BR. 2015. Isolation and characterization of endophytic plant growth promoting bacteria from date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and their potential role in salinity tolerance. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 107:1519-32.
YAMAUCHI A, PARDALES JR, KONO Y. 1996. Root system structure and its relation to stress tolerance. In: Ito O, Katayama K, Johansen C, Kumar Rao JVDK, Adu-Gyamfi JJ, Rego TJ eds. Roots and nitrogen in cropping systems of the semi-arid tropics. JIRCAS Publication, Tsukuba, Japan. p. 211-234.
YOSHIDA S, HASEGAWA S. 1982. The rice root system, its development and function. In: Drought resistance in crops with the emphasis on rice. Manila: IRRI. p. 83-96.