Evaluation of Growth and Biomass Productivity of Marine Microalga Nannochloropsis sp. Cultured in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto*, Danny Soetrinanto, Silviana Silviana,
Muhamad Zaini Mahdi, and Yasinta Nikita Titisari
Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University,
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH-Tembalang, Semarang 50275 Indonesia
*Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and productivity of marine algae Nannochloropsis sp. cultured in palm oil mill effluent (POME) medium. The POME was varied in concentration of 10%, 30%, and 50% (vol POME/vol water) while the comparison with fresh and saline medium was also investigated. The relative performance of the different concentrations of fresh POME were investigated with respect to their productivity, specific growth rate and biomass production. Nannochloropsis sp. cultured in 30% (v/v) fresh POME had significantly (p<0.05) higher growth rate (0.31 ± 0.06) d–1 and productivity (0.034 ± 0.01) g ∙ L–1 d–1) as compared to fresh medium and other treatments (10% and 50% v/v). These results indicated the potential of microalga Nannochloropsis sp. for biomass production and POME nutrients removals. Further research on optimizing biomass productivity and nutrients removal in POME medium should be done prior to its scale up for industrial application.
INTRODUCTION
In the last decade, Indonesia has produced and exported about 45% world’s palm oil. However, this large production has eventually caused detrimental effects on the environmental due to palm oil mill effluent (POME) produced during processing and untreated discharge into water bodies. It was estimated that 5 tonnes of water was required to process the palm fruit bunches (PFB) in order to yield 1 tonnes of crude palm oil (Ahmad et al. 2003). Besides containing high chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demands (BOD), fresh POME also contains organic compounds such as carbohydrate, protein, ammonium (as N sources), and phosphate (Singh et al. 2010, Kumar et al. 2011). These organic matters can be potentially utilized as nutrient sources for photosynthetic plants, especially for microalgae (Markou et al 2011, Hadiyanto et al. 2013). . . . read more
REFERENCES
ABREU AP, FERNANDES B, VICENTE AA, TEIXEIRA J, DRAGONE G. 2012. Mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using industrial dairy waste as organic carbon source. Bioresource Technology 118:61-66.
AHMAD AL, ISMAD S, BHATIA S. 2003. Water recycling from palm oil mill effluent (POME) using membrane technology. Desalination 157:87-95.
BREMNER JM, MULVANEY CS. 1982. Total nitrogen. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, part 2, Agronomy 9. Black, CA. ed.Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy Inc. p. 1149-1178.
CAI T, PARK SY, LI Y. 2013. Nutrient recovery from wastewater streams by microalgae: status and prospects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 19:360-369.
DANESI EDG, RANGEL-YAGUI CO, DE CARVALHO JCM, SATO S. 2004. Effect of reducing the light intensity on the growth and production of chlorophyll by Spirulina platensis. Biomass and Bioenergy 26:329-335.
DANESI EDG, RANGEL-YAGUI OC, SATO S, DE CARVALHO MJC. 2011. Growth and content of spirulina platensis biomass chlorophyll cultivated at different values of light intensity and temperature using different nitrogen sources. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 42(1):362-373.
DING GT, YAAKOB Z, TAKRIFF MS, SALIHON J, RAHAMAN MSA. 2016. Biomass production and nutrients removal by a newly-isolated microalgal strain Chlamydomonas sp. in palm oil mill effluent (POME). International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41(8):4888-4895.
GARCIA MC, MIRON AS, SEVILLA JF, GRIMA EM, CAMACHO FG. 2005. Mixotrophic growth of the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum: influence of different nitrogen and organic carbon sources on productivity and biomass composition. Process Biochemistry 40:297-305.
HADIYANTO, NUR MMA. 2014. Lipid extraction of microalgae Chlorella sp. cultivated in palm oil mill effluent (POME) medium. World Applied Sciences Journal 31(5):959-967.
HADIYANTO, CHRISTWARDANA M, SOETRISNANTO D. 2013. Phytoremediations of palm oil mill effluent (POME) by using aquatic plants and microalgae for biomass production. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 6:79-90.
JI MK, YUN HS, PARK YT, KABRA AN, OH IH, CHOI J. 2015. Mixotrophic cultivation of a microalga Scenedesmus obliquus in municipal wastewater supplemented with food wastewater and flue gas CO2 for biomass production. Journal of Environmental Management 159:11-20.
KIM-CHONG P, SIEW-MOI O. 1988. Algal biomass production in digested palm oil mill effluent. Biological Wastes 25(3):177-191.
KUMAR P, KUPPUSAMY S, YUSOP HM, ALWI SIS. 2011. POME treatment using Spirulina platensis Geitler. International Journal of Current Science 1:11-13.
MARKOU G, GEORGAKAKIS D. 2011. Cultivation of filamentous cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in agro-industrial wastes and wastewaters: A review. Applied Energy 88:3389-3401.
MARKOU G. 2012. Alteration of the biomass composition of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis under various amounts of limited phosphorus. Bioresource Technology 116:533-535.
OLSEN SR, SOMMERS LE. 1982. Phosphorus. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. Page AL, Miller RH & Keeney DR. eds. Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy Inc. p. 403-430.
SINGH RP, IBRAHIM MH, ESA N, ILIYANA MS. 2010. Composting of waste from palm oil mill: A sustainable waste management practice. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 9:331-344.
TOCHER DR. 2010. Fatty acid requirements in ontogeny of marine and freshwater fish. Aquaculture Research 41:717-732.
YUAN X, KUMAR A, SAHU AK, ERGAS SJ. 2011. Impact of ammonia concentration on Spirulina platensis growth in an airlift photobioreactor. Bioresource Technology 102(3):3234-3239.
YUSOFF FM, CHAN SY. 1997. Nutrient status of palm oil, rubber and domestic effluents and their effects on algae growth. Journal of Bioscience 8:42-50.
