Genetic Analysis of Philippine Native Pigs (Sus scrofa L.) Using Microsatellite Loci
Jae Don Oh1, Roxan Grace C. Cacho2, JaeYoung Choi3, JooHee Seo2,
Ki-Duk Song1, Renato S.A. Vega4, Rene C. Santiago6, Josh Elisha R. Octura4,
Sam Woong Kim5, ChulWook Kim5, SungHoon Kim1,2, Hong Sik Kong1,2,
HakKyo Lee1,2 and ByungWook Cho3*
1Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University
Anseong 456-749, Republic of Korea;
2Department of Animal Life and Environmental Science,
Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Republic of Korea;
3Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences,
Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Republic of Korea;
4Animal Breeding/Genetics and Physiology Division, Animal and Dairy Sciences Cluster, University of the Philippines, Los Baños 4031, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines;
5Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of
Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea;
6Bureau of Animal Industry, National Swine and Poultry
Research and Development Center, Tiaong, Quezon, Philippines
corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
The Philippine native pigs possess a unique phenotype. However, studies on their genetic structure and diversity have not been performed yet. We performed genetic studies using Philippine native pigs (PHs) and three commercial pig breeds with 10 porcine microsatellite markers. Results showed that the mean expected heterozygosity (HExp) was 0.5115 (±0.0648) while the observed heterozygosity (HObs) was 0.5505 (±0.027). In PHs, HExp and HObs were 0.290 (±0.0667) and 0.403 (±0.0331),respectively with the lowest mean number of alleles per locus among the breeds (3.30 ±1.34). Mean Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of each marker ranged from 0.26 (S0225) to 0.61 (S0005) and the mean number of alleles was 4.2. In PHs, mean PIC was 0.247 (0 – 0.502), and it was the lowest compared to other breeds suggesting the limited genetic diversity of PHs. Microsatellite (MS) marker analysis showed that most of these markers except SW24 might be useful for genetic diversity study and conservation of PHs. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PHs were clustered with Berkshire in the same clade, suggesting that these breeds might share evolutionary path.
INTRODUCTION
The Philippines is rich in biological and genetic resources or biodiversity. The majority of plant and animal species in the country are unique and cannot be found anywhere else (Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016). Domesticated pigs, cattle, carabaos, goats, chickens and ducks primarily represent the animal production sector of Philippine agriculture. Domesticated farm animals are utilized primarily for meat, eggs, milk and draft power. The introduction of domestic pigs in the Philippines is believed to happen at least 4,000 years ago along with migrating farming communities (Piper 2009).. . . . . . . . . .
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