Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria as Growth Promoters and as Biological Control Agents Against Nematodes in Tissue-Cultured Banana var. Lakatan
Nelly S. Aggangan1, Paul Jemuel S. Tamayao2, Edna A. Aguilar3,
Julieta A. Anarna1, and Teodora O. Dizon4
1National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,
University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), College, Laguna 4031
2Institute of Biological Sciences, UPLB, College, Laguna
3Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Extension, UPLB, College, Laguna
4Crop Science Cluster-Institute of Plant Breeding, UPLB, College, Laguna
corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Banana is one of the most important food items in the Philippines, ranked fourth among food crops after rice, wheat and maize and being first among fruits. High yield of banana plantations requires enormous amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.This study was conducted to determine the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) biofertilizers as growth promoters and biological control agents against nematodes in tissue-cultured banana var. Lakatan under screen house conditions. Meriplants were inoculated with AMF (MykovamTM) and NFB (Bio-NTM) during planting in individual plastic bags filled with sterile soil sand mixture. Plant parasitic nematodes, Radopholus similis and Meloidogyne incognita suspension were poured into the soil, two months after inoculation with biofertilizers at concentrations of 1,000 and 5,000 larvae or eggs per seedling, respectively. Plant height, pseudostem diameter and leaf area were taken every 2 weeks. At fourth month, the plants were harvested and extent of damage due to nematodes and the number of colony forming units of NFB were determined. Results show that AMF and AMF+NFB inoculated seedlings grew better than the control plants. AMF treated plants were taller, had bigger pseudostem diameter, larger leaf area, highest fine, coarse root and total plant dry weights than the control and the other treatments. Growth of plants infectedwith R. similis alone was comparable with M. incognita and the control. M. incognita-infected plants had numerous root galls. Root necrosis were observed only in R. similis-infected plants. AMF reduced root galls by 33% relative to those inoculated with M. incognita. Percent mycorrhizal colonization was not affected by either NFB or the nematodes. The roots of AMF+NFB gave the highest bacterial colony count (8 1.02 x 104) which was reduced by AMF+NFB+ R. similis (5 0.80 x 103) and the lowest was with AMF+NFB+ M. incognita (5 0.50 x 103). This implies that M. incognita and R. similis reduced the NFB bacterial colonies.
INTRODUCTION
Banana is one of the most important fruit crops, being ranked fourth among food crops after rice, wheat and maize and being first among fruits (Molina 2005). Banana production mainly depends on the plants’ root growth and development for efficient water and nutrient uptake. Soil constraints such as water stress, mechanical impedance, soil acidity, and the activity of soil-borne pests and pathogens can reduce plant uptake of such essential substances. . . . . . .
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