Prevalence of CTX-M Extended Spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae at a Private Tertiary Hospital in Southern Philippines
Mary Ann H. Lucena1,2, Ephrime B. Metillo2, and Jose M. Oclarit3
1Laboratory Department, Mindanao Sanitarium and Hospital, Iligan City, Philippines
2Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University-
Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
3Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry &
Molecular Biology, Mountain View College, Valencia City, Philippines
corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
The emergence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is one of the growing healthcare concerns worldwide. ESBLs are plasmid encoded enzymes that confer resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams. Plasmids that carry genes that code for ESBLs often carry other resistance determinants and because of these, infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are difficult to treat contributing to the problem of nosocomial infection. To evaluate the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae at Mindanao Sanitarium and Hospital in southern Philippines, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and Enterobacter species isolated from clinical samples, were screened and confirmed for the presence of ESBLs. Specific primers for CTX-M, TEM and SHV ESBL enzymes were used. From a total of 583 isolates collected from September 2005 to September 2008, thirty (5.1%) were confirmed as ESBL-producers; the majority (60%) of which produce CTX-M type ESBLs. Most (89%) ESBL producers co-express resistance to quinolones, 61% are susceptible to aminoglycosides and all remained susceptible to carbapenems.
INTRODUCTION
Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are plasmid encoded enzymes that confer resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams (Bradford 2001). They are commonly produced by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species, but they are also found in other bacteria (Paterson & Bomono 2005). The presence of ESBLs poses as a threat in clinical settings because the ESBL genes are located in plasmids which can be easily transferred to non-ESBL isolates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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