Dye Decolorization Activities of Marine-Derived Fungi Isolated from Manila Bay and Calatagan Bay, Philippines
Jeremy Martin O. Torres1, Christine V. Cardenas1, Llewelyn S. Moron1,
Ana Patricia A. Guzman2, and Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz1,2
1Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and
2Fungal Biodiversity and Systematics Group,
Research Cluster for the National and Applied Sciences,
University of Santo Tomas, España, Manila, Philippines
corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Synthetic dyes used in textile industries, if not treated prior to its disposal, can enter our water systems and cause pollution. Thus, our research study explores the potential of locally isolated marine-derived fungi as bioremediation agents of dye pollution. Marine-derived fungi that were initially isolated from seawater and marine sediments (MF) and from living seagrasses (EMF) were tested for their ability to decolorize synthetic dyes using the tube agar overlay method. Of the 26 isolates tested, 21 strains showed partial to full dye decolorization of 0.01% crystal violet (CV). Selected strains were then further tested for dye decolorization on different culture media, e.g. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDAS), Malt Extract Agar (MEAS), and Czapek Dox Agar (CDAS), all supplemented with 33g/L marine salts and 0.01% CV. Results showed that only EMF14 and MF6 decolorized the dye with a maximum decolorization depth of 9mm and 7mm, respectively. Three strains were further tested for the decolorization of different dyes, e.g. crystal violet, Congo red and brilliant green, in liquid media (PDBS) under agitated and stationary conditions. All tested strains (EMF14, MF6, and MF49) completely decolorized Congo red regardless of the culture condition while only EMF14 and MF49 exhibited 87-91% decolorization of crystal violet. No growth and/or decolorization were observed on brilliant green. Gene sequence analysis confirmed the identities of these dye-decolorizing marine-derived fungi as Phialophora sp. (MF 6), Penicillium sp. (MF 49), and Cladosporium sp. (EMF 14).
INTRODUCTION
Over 7 x 105 metric tons of synthetic dyes are annually produced worldwide (Venkata-Mohan et al. 2008). Of these, approximately 10-15% of unused dyes enter the wastewater after dyeing and after the subsequent washing processes (Rajamohan & Karthikeyan 2006). Dyes in wastewater often lead to the contamination of surface and groundwater in neighboring locales. Thus, the consumption of these waters may pose a great health risk. For instance, the incidence of bladder . . . . . . . . . .
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