Selection of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculants for Improved Growth of Somatic Embryo-derived Liriodendron tulipifera (Magnoliaceae) Plantlets
Nelly S. Aggangan1,2*, Yong-Wook Kim1, Sim-Hee Han3,
So-Young Park1, and Heung-Kyu Moon1
1Biotechnology Division, Korea Forest Research Institute, Suwon, 441-350, Korea
2National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH)
University of the Philippines Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines
3Department of Forest Genetic Resources, Korea Forest Research Institute, Suwon, 441-350, Korea
corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
To select arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for large scale inoculation programs, somatic embryo (SE) derived yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) plantlets were inoculated during ex-vitro, with spores of AM fungi Gigaspora margarita, Glomus macrocarpum, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus fasciculatum from the Philippines, Glomus intraradices from INVAM, USA and mixed species extracted from rhizosphere soil of a Populus stand in Suwon (AMKFRI) and Carex growing in mine tailings in Bonghwa (AMM6), Korea. AMKFRI consists of Glomus and Gigaspora while AMM6 had Glomus and Acaulospora. Plantlets were grown in autoclaved peat perlite vermiculite medium and incubated under growth room conditions for six weeks and later in a glasshouse. Generally, mycorrhizal plants grew better with greener and broader leaves than the non-mycorrhizal counterpart. After 14 weeks in a glasshouse, roots of all mycorrhizal seedlings were colonized with AM fungi where G. intraradices and G. margarita colonized 63 and 54%, respectively, of the root system. G. intraradices, G. margarita, G. macrocarpum and AMM6 comparably promoted height. AM fungi increased root biomass by 2.8-6.4 folds. G. fasciculatum and AMM6 increased the highest root and total dry weight but comparable with that by AMM6. G. fasciculatum inoculated plants had the highest P concentration and P, Zn and Cu uptakes. AMM6 promoted the highest N, K, Na and Mg uptakes. The results show that AM fungi, irrespective of origin (either from the Philippines, USA, and Korea), can establish a symbiotic association with SE-derived yellow poplar plantlets. However, capabilities in promoting plant growth, biomass and nutrient uptake differed. The Philippine G. fasciculatum and the Korean AMM6 are the most promising AM inoculants that can be used on SE-derived yellow poplar plantlets during ex-vitro. G. margarita, G. etunicatum, G. macrocarpum, G. intraradices and AMKFRI promoted an intermediate plant growth. Their effectiveness and persistence should be determined in degraded field conditions.
INTRODUCTION
Liriodendron tulipifera L., a member of the Magnoliaceae family with many common names such as yellow poplar, tulip tree, tulip poplar, white . . . . . . . . .
REFERENCES
ABBOTT LK, AD ROBSON. 1992. Factors influencing the occurrence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Agric Ecosys Environ 35: 121-150.
AGGANGAN NS, DELL B, MALAJCZUK N.1996. Soil fumigation and phosphorus supply affect the formation of Pisolithus-Eucalyptus urophylla ectomycorrhizas in two acid Philippine soils. Plant Soil 180: 259-266.
AGGANGAN NS, DELL B, MALAJCZUK N, DE LA CRUZ RE. 1995. Effect of soil sterilization on the formation and function of two strains of Pisolithus tinctorius on Eucalyptus urophylla. Biotropia 8: 11-12.
AGGANGAN NS, DELL B, MALAJCZUK N, DE LA CRUZ RE. 1999. Comparative effects of ectomycorrhizal inoculation and fertilization on Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake five years after outplanting in a marginal soil in the Philippines. In: Proceedings of the 7th international workshop on B/ IO-REFOR; November 1998; Manila, Philippines. University of Tokyo, Japan. p. 78-82.
AGGANGAN NS, MOON HK, HAN SH. 2010. Growth response of Acacia mangium Willd. seedlings to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and four isolates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch. New Forests 39: 215-230.
BEVER JD, SCHULTZ PA, PRINGLE A, MORTON JB. 2001. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: more diverse than meets the eye, and the ecological tale of why. Bioscience 51: 923-931.
BONNER J, GALSTON AW. 1952. Principles of plant physiology. California: WH Freeman and Co. 499p.
BRUNDRETT MC, BOUGHER N, DELL B, GROVE T, MALAJCZUK N. 1996. Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture. ACIAR Monograph 32. Canberra, Australia: Australian Center for International Agricultural Research p. 179-181.
CHOI KD, KA KH, LEE YS, SHIM JO, LEE SS, TS LEE, LEE MW. 2000. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Paekryung and Daecheong Islands. Microbiology 28(3): 133-141.
CLARK FB. 1963. Endotrophic mycorrhizae influence yellow-poplar seedling growth. Science 140(3572): 1220-21.
CLARK RB, ZOBEL RW, ZETO SK. 1999. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal isolate effectiveness on growth and root colonization of Panicum virgatum in acidic soil. Soil Biol Biochem 31: 1757-73.
DE LA CRUZ RE, MANALO MQ, AGGANGAN NS, TAMBALO JD. 1988. Growth of three legume trees inoculated with VA mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium. Plant Soil. 108: 111-115.
DUNCAN DB. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics. 11: 1-24.
EOM AH, TAE MS, LEE JK. 2004. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in arable and natural soils in Korea. Korean J Ecol 27(3): 179-184.
FORD VL, HAY RL. 1987. Growth of containerized yellow-poplar as affected by different vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal mycobionts. Paper presented at the 6th Central Hardwood Forest Conference, 24-26 February 1987. Knoxville, USA. Access from www. ncrs.fs.fed.us on Aug 29, 2009.
GIOVANNETTI M, MOSSE B. 1980. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular-arbuscular infection in roots. New Phytol 84: 489-500.
GOMEZ KA, GOMEZ AA. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 2nd edn. New York: John and Wiley and Sons. 680p.
HABTE M, MANJUNATH A. 1991. Categories of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal dependency of host species. Mycorrhiza 1: 3-12.
JIN H, KWON M. 2009. Mechanical bending-induced tension wood formation with reduced lignin biosynthesis in Liriodendron tulipifera. J Wood Sci 55: 401-408.
KINDEN DA, BROWN MF. 1975. Electron microscopy of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae of yellow poplar. II. Intracellular hyphae and vesicles. Can J Microbiol 21(11): 1768-80.
KLUGH KR, CUMMING JR. 2007. Variations in organic acid exudation and aluminum resistance among arbuscular mycorrhizal species colonizing Liriodendron tulipifera. Tree Physiol 27: 1103-12.
KOO CD, KIM TH, YI CK, LEE WK, KANG CH, LEE BC, LEE SK. 1992. Sporocarpic forming arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus species in forest soils of Korea. Korean Mycol 20: 29-36.
LEE KJ. 1988. Growth stimulation of Alnus firma and Robinia pseudoacacia by dual inoculation with VA mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria and their synergistic effect. J Korean For Soc 77(2): 229-234.
LEE JS, MOON HK, KIM YW. 2003. Mass propagation of Liriodendron tulipifera L. via somatic embryogenesis. Kor J Plant Biotech 30(4): 359-363.
LEE KJ, PARK H, LEE IS. 2004. Morphology of arbuscular mycorrhizal roots and effects of root age and soil texture on the mycorrhizal infection in Panax ginseng CA Meyer. J Ginseng Res 28 (3): 149-156.
[MSU] MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY. 1989. User’s guide to MSTAT-C. Design, Management and Statistical Reseach Tool. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University.
MURPHY J, RILEY JP. 1962. A modified single solutions method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal Chim Acta 27: 31-36.
POPE PE, CHANEY WR, RHODES JD, WOODHEAD SH. 1983. The mycorrhizal dependency of four hardwood tree species. Can J Bot 61(2): 412-417.
RUGH CL, SENECOFF JF, MEAGHER RB, MERKLE SA.1998. Development of transgenic yellow-poplar for mercury phytoremediation. Nature Biotech 16: 925.
RYU KO, JANG SS, CHOI WY, KIM HE. 2003. Growth performance and adaptation of Liriodendron tulipifera in Korea. J Kor For Soc 92(6): 515-525.
SMITH SE, GIANINAZZI-PEARSON V. 1988. Physiological interactions between symbionts in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal plants. Ann Rev Plant Mol Biol 39: 221-244.
SMITH SE, READ DM. 1997. Mycorrhizal symbiosis, 2nd edn. London: Academic Press. p. 605.
VESTBERG M. 1992. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation of micropropagated strawberry and field observations in Finland. Agronomie 12: 865-867.
ZELEZNIK JD, SKOUSEN JG. 1996. Survival of three species on old reclaimed surface mines in Ohio. J Environ Qual 25: 1429-35.
