Biosorption of Copper, Cadmium and Lead by Copper-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Mogpog River, Marinduque
Marilen M. Parungao1*, Patricia S. Tacata1,
Christopher Ray G. Tanayan1, and Lorele C. Trinidad2
1Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila
2National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Los Baños
ABSTRACT
Isolation and selection of copper-resistant bacteria were carried out from a collected water sample of Mogpog River. The sample was analyzed for copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) content for simulation purposes. The selected most copper-resistant bacteria, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, was exposed to 50, 10, and 20 ppm of Cu, Cd, and Pb, respectively, in primary (single metal) and ternary (mixed metals) solutions. Bacterial cells were separated from solutions by centrifugation and the supernatants were analyzed for remaining metals in solution using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Biosorption profile was determined to be Cu>Pb>Cd and Pb>Cu>Cd in primary and ternary solutions, respectively. Biosorption of the three heavy metals was higher in primary solutions than in ternary solutions. Approximately 22 % of Cu, 24% of Cd, and 42.75% of Pb were removed from primary solutions; 16% of Cu, 8% of Cd, and 35% of Pb, were removed from ternary solutions by S. maltophilia.
INTRODUCTION
Many mechanisms of resistance are known in bacteria for maintaining intracellular homeostasis of metal ions (Silver 1996; Nies 1999). Two of which are the metabolically-independent binding of these ions unto the cell surface (Binkley & Simpson 2003) and metabolic production of binding proteins (Samuelson et al. 2000). The cell walls of gram-positive bacteria naturally carry a negative charge because of their phosphate groups and teichoic acids that bind and regulate the movement of cations across the membrane. Also, the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, which consists of lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins, and phospholipids carries a strong negative charge (Tortora et al. 2005). Because the cell surface of bacteria carries a net negative charge due to the presence of carboxyl, amine, hydroxyl, phosphate and sulfhydryl groups (Tortora et al. 2005), it can adsorb appreciable quantities of positively charged cationic metals (e.g., Cd) (Scott & Palmer 1990). Furthermore, heavy metal resistance through production of binding proteins enhances the suitability of bacteria for biosorption of heavy metals dissolved in solution (Higham 1984).
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