Y-Chromosome STR Allele Frequency Distribution Among Male Filipinos in the National Capital Region for Forensic Applications
Michelle M. Tan, Frederick C. Delfin, Gayvelline C. Calacal
Dr. Lutz Roewer1 and Dr. Maria Corazon de Ungria
DNA Analysis Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute
University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
1Institut fur Rechtsmedizin, Hannoversche Strasse 6, Berlin, Germany
corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Y-chromosomal variations of Short Tandem Repeats (STR) are useful in identifying male sources of forensic samples, e.g. vaginal smears/swabs, seminal stain, body fluids. The present study reports the establishment of a Y-STR database of the National Capital Region (NCR) at eight markers namely DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393 that constitute the Y minimal haplotype. This database was pooled with an existing Y-STR database (n=106) to double the sample size (n=211). From the 178 unique minimal haplotypes observed, 33 unrelated males shared 21 common haplotypes. The pooled reference database is recognized by the International Y-User Group and posted in www.ystr.org/asia.
INTRODUCTION
The human Y chroromosome, approximately 60Mb in length, represents 2% of the entire genome. Ninety-five percent of this strictly paternally-inherited chromosome does not recombine with the X chromosome, and remains permanently in a haploid state. Due to its non-recombining nature, the Y chromosome is transmitted intact from fathers to sons and may be used as male-specific genetic markers for human identification, e.g. of sexual offenders, father in paternity testing and victims of mass disaster (Henke et al. 2001). Notably, a large proportion of violent crimes committed worldwide are perpetuated by males involved in various types of sexual assault (Jobling et al. 1997). Mix seminal/vaginal. . . . .
REFERENCES
CLARKE GW. 1999. DNA in sexual assault cases. Integrated Bar of the Philippines Law Journal 1: 114-128.
CORACH D, RISSO LF, MARINO M, PENACINO G, SALA A. 2001. Routine Y-STR typing in forensic casework. Forensic Science International 118: 131-135.
DE UNGRIA MCA, MAGNO MMF, CALACAL GC, DELFIN FC, TABBADA KA, FRANI AM, HALOS SC. 2001. DNA evidence in Philippine courts: a case report. Philippine Law Gazette 13(3): 46-49.
DE UNGRIA MCA. 2002. Forensic DNA analysis in criminal and civil cases. Continuing Legal Education Journal (in press)
EXCOFFIER L, SMOUSE PE, QUATTRO JM. 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among mtDNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131: 479-491.
Federal Bureau of Investigation Crime Laboratory. 1994. PCR-based typing protocols: Laboratory Manual.
GILL P, BRENNER C, BRINKMANN B, BUDOWLE B, CARRACEDO A, JOBLING MA, DE KNIJFF P, KAYSER M, KRAWCZAK M, MAYR WR, MORLING N, OLAISEN B, PASCALI V, PRINZ M, ROEWER L, SCHNEIDER PM, SAJANTILA A, TYLER-SMITH C. 2001. DNA Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics: recommendations on forensic analysis using Y-chromosome STRs. Forensic Science International 124: 5-10.
HALOS SC, CHU JY, FERREON ACM, MAGNO MMF. 1999. Philippine population database at nine microsatellite loci for forensic and paternity applications. Forensic Science International 101: 27-32.
HENKE J, HENKE L, CHATTHOPADHYAY P, KAYSER M, DÜLMER M, CLEEF S, PÖCHE H, FELSKE-ZECH H. 2001. Application of Y-chromosomal STR Haplotypes to Forensic Genetics. Croatian Medical Journal 42: 292-297.
JOBLING MA, PANDYA A, TYLER-SMITH C. 1997. The Y chromosome in forensic analysis and paternity testing. Int J Leg Med 110: 118-124.
KAYSER M, CAGLIA A, CORACH D, FRETWELL N, GEHRIG C, GRAZIOSI G, HEIDRON F, HERRMANN S, HERZOG B, HIDDING M, HONDA K, JOBLING M, M. K, LEIM K, MEUSER S, MEYER E, OESTERREICH W, PANDYA A, PARSON W, PENACINO G, PEREZ-LEZAUN A, PICCININI A, PRINZ M, SCHMITT C, SCHNEIDER PM, SZIBOR R, TEIFELGREDING J, WEICHHOLD G, DE KNIFF P, ROEWER L. 1997. Evaluation of Y-Chromosomal STRs: a multicenter study. International Journal of Legal Medicine 110: 125-133.
MIRANDA JJ, BENECKE M, HIDDING M, SCHMITT C. 2001. Y-chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat haplotypes at the loci DYS393, DYS19, DYS392, DYS385I/II, DYS390, DYS389I/II and DYS391 in a Filipino population sample. Journal of Forensic Science 46: 1250-53.
NEI M. 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University Press, New York City USA.
SCHNEIDER PM, MEUSER S, WAIYUWUTH W, SEO Y, RITTNER C. 1998. Tandem repeat structure of the duplicated Y-chromosomal STR locus DYS385 and frequency studies in German and three Asian populations. Forensic Science International 97: 61-70.
SCHNEIDER PM, D’ ALOJA E, DUPUY BM, ERIKSEN B, JANGBLAD A, KLOOSTERMAN AD, KRATZER A, LAREU MV, PFITZINGER H, RAND S, SCHEITHAUER R, SCHMITTER H, SKITSA I, SYNDERCOMBE-COURT D, VIDE MC. 1999. Results of a collaborative study regarding the standardization of the Y-linked STR system DYS385 by the European DNA profiling (EDNAP) group. Forensic Science International 102: 159-165.
TABBADA KA, MAGNO MMF, DELFIN FC, CALACAL GC, TAN M, CHU-FERREON JY, HALOS SC, DE UNGRIA MCA. 2002. Allele frequencies of eight Short Tandem Repeat Loci in three Visayas Regional Populations of the Philippines. Journal of Forensic Science 47(6): 1-2.
