The Hydroxylation of Toluene Using Cadmium Sulphide as a Photocatalyst
Rashmi Bhatia, Sonika Bahedia, Pinki B. Punjabi and Suresh C. Ameta
Department of Chemistry, College of Science
M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313002, India
corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. / This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
The photocatalytic substitution reaction of toluene was studied. For this purpose, toluene was hydroxylated in the presence of semiconductor (CdS) and sodium hydroxide. The effect of different parameters like amount of NaOH and CdS, intensity of light, etc. on the rate of reaction was studied. On the basis of observed data, a tentative mechanism for the hydroxylation of toluene ha been proposed.
INTRODUCTION
The hydroxylation of toluene is a substitution reaction becuase toluene is an electron rich molecule and therefor, it is not easily attacked by a nucleophile under ordinary reaction conditions. It is of utmost importance to find out an alternative pathway for carrying out the hydroxylation of an aromatic system like toluene. For this purpose,the hydroxyl radicals may be generated in the aqueous medium by exposing the mixture of toluene and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in the presence of light and semiconducting cadmium sulphide. These hydroxyl radicals then attack the toluene moiety and thus result in the formation of cresols. The main object of the paper is to determine the mechanism as well as improve the yield. . . . .
REFERENCES
AURIA MD, FERRI T, MANRIELLO G. 1996. Gazz Chim. Ital. 126: 313.
BHATIA R, BAHEDIA S, PUNJABI PB, AMETA SC. 2002. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 79: 904.
HAMON C, SOILAN RODRIGUEZ JD, KALCHHAUSER H, REISCHI W. 1997. Monatsh. Chem. 128: 1297.
JOSEPH JM, LUKE TL, ARAVIND UK, ARAVINDAKUMAR CT. 2001. Water Environ. Res. 22: 139.
LAY TH, BOZZELLI JW, SEINFELD JH. 1996. J. Phys. Chem. 100: 6543.
MAKOSZAM M, PODRAZA R. 2000. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1: 193.
NIIRANEN J, NIERMINES K, LEMMETYINESS H. 1991. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 56A: 43.
SEDLAK P, LUMAK S, BRODILEVA J, LEADERER O. 1989. React. Kinet. Catal. Lett. 39: 249.
SOLOVEVA AB, CHEREMENSKAYA OV, BOROVKOV VV, PONOMAREV GV, TIMASHEV SF. 1998. Zh. Fiz. Khim. 72: 1601.
TAKIZAWA Y, AKAMA M, YOSHIHARAN N, NOJIMA O, ARAI K, OKOUCHI S. 1996. Ultrasonics Sonochem. 3: 201.
ZHANG WZ, WANG JL, TANVE PT, PINNAVAIA TJ. 1996. Chem. Commun. 979.
