MENU

 

Hydrobiology of Wastewater-fed Man-made Lotic Fish Culture Ponds in Relation to Pollution Physico-chemical Properties

 

N. K. Manna, S. Banerjee and M. L. Bhowmik

Aquaculture Research Unit, Department of Zoology
University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road
Kolkata – 700 019, West Bengal, India
Central Agricultural University(Imphal), College of Fisheries
Lembucherra, Agartala - 799210, Tripura, India

corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

ABSTRACT

The present investigation was undertaken with the aim to study the importance of different physico-chemical parameters of water related with recycling of organic waste through aquaculture in a man-made lotic biological sewage treatment system. Water samples were collected once a month from subsurface area of four serially made maturation cum fish ponds from September 1995 to August 1997. The levels of parameters such as water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, chloride ion, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, orthophosphate, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic matter, and primary productivity do not significantly indicate a pollution problem. Although higher levels of carbon dioxide and lower levels of dissolved oxygen caused asphyxiation in early hours of some days, fish mortality was not observed probably due to flowing nature of water.

 

INTRODUCTION


The use of aquaculture for the purpose of wastewater treatment to improve the quality of sewage effluent prior to its release to the land and or any aquatic body has been practiced for a relatively short time. Perhaps the best . . . .

[DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT HERE]

 

REFERENCES

[APHA] American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation. 1992. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 18th ed. Washington, USA,

Anon. 1988. Report of the investigation into the occurrence of heavy metals and other pollutants in the sewage-fed fisheries around Calcutta. Department of Fisheries, Government of West Bengal.

ANDERSSON G, BERGGREN H, CRONBERG G, GEIIN C. 1978. Effects of planktivorous and benthivorous fish on organisms and water chemistry in eutrophic lakes. Hydrobiologia 59: 9-15.

BARDACH JE, RYTHER JH, MCLARNEY. 1972. Aquaculture, the farming and husbandry of freshwater and marine organisms. Wiley-Interscience. Wiley & Sons, New York.

BOYD CE. 1982. Water quality management for pond fish culture. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company. Amsterdam / Oxford / New York.

BASHEER VS, KHAN AA, ALAM A. 1996. Seasonal variations in the primary productivity of pond receiving sewage effluents. Journal of Inland Fishery Society of India 28(1): 76-82.

CHATTOPADHYAY GN, MANDAL LN. 1982. Concept of fertilizing brackish water fish ponds. Fertilizer News 27(2): 15-19.

CHATTOPADHYAY GN, SAHA PK, GHOSH A, KARMAKAR HC. 1988. A study on optimum BOD levels for fish culture in wastewater ponds. Biological Wastes 25: 79-85.

CHAKRABARTI NM, ASTHANA A. 1989. Plankton succession and ecology of a sewage treated pond in West Bengal. Environment & Ecology 7(3): 549-554.

DATTA NC, CHAUDHURY S. 1984. Primary productivity and its correlation with physico-chemical parameters of freshwater sewage-fed impoundment near Calcutta. Environment & Ecology 2(1): 65-68.

EDWARDS P. 1985. Aquaculture: A component of low cost sanitation technology. World Bank Technical Paper. No-36. The World Bank. Washington, D.C.

FOLKMAN Y, WACHS AM. 1972. Nitrogen removal through ammonia releases from holding ponds. In: Advances in Water Pollution Research (ed. SH Jenkin). Proceedings of International Conference. Pergaman Press, Oxford.

FERRARA RA, AVEI CB. 1982. Nitrogen dynamics in waste stabilization ponds. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation 54: 361-369.

GHOSH A, RAO LH, BANERJEE SC. 1974. Studies on the hydrobiological conditions of a sewage fed pond with a note on their role in fish culture. Journal of Inland Fishery Society of India 6: 51-61.

GHOSH A, GEORGE J. 1989. Studies on the abiotic factors and zooplankton in a polluted urban reservoir Hussain Sagar, Hyderabad. Indian Journal of Environment and Health 31: 49-59.

HUTCHINSON GE. 1957. A treatise on limnology. Volume I. John Wiley and Sons. New York, USA.

HEPHER B. 1962. Primary production in fish ponds and its application to fertilization experiments. Limnology and Oceanography 7(2): 131-136.

HUET M. 1972. Textbook of fish culture, breeding and cultivation of fish. Fishing News (Books) Limited. West Byfleet, Surrey.

JHINGRAN VG. 1974. A critical appraisal of the water pollution problem in India in relation to aquaculture. Proceedings of the Indo-Pacific Fishery Countries 15(2): 45-50.

JHINGRAN VG, NATARAGAN AV, BANERJEA SM, DAVID A. 1988. Methodology of reservoir fisheries investigations in India. Bulletin no 12. CICFRI, India.

JHINGRAN VG. 1991. Fish and Fisheries of India, 3rd ed. Hindusthan Publishing Corporation, India.

MERON A, OSWALD WJ, GEE HK. 1972. Kinetics of algal systems in Wastewater treatment field studies. University of California, Berkeley (NTIS No. PB 206812).

METCALF, EDDY. 1979. Wastewater Engineering : Treatment disposal reuse, 2nd ed. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.

MANNA NK, BANERJEE S, BHOWMIK ML. 1997b. Seasonal diversity of some physico-chemical complexes in running water waste treatment ponds. Environment & Ecology 15(4): 917-923.

MANNA NK, BHOWMIK ML. 1998c. Diel changes in some physio-chemical factors of lotic waste treatment ponds in West Bengal. Pollution Research 17(2): 163-165.

MANNA NK, BANERJEE S, BHOWMIK ML. 1998d. Live feed production through wastewater recycling. Journal of Inland Fishery Society of India 30(2): 9-18.

MANNA NK. 1999. Quality assessment of wastewater ecosystem. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Calcutta, West Bengal.

NAIR KK. 1944a. Calcutta sewage irrigation fisheries. Proceeding of National Institute of Science, India 10(4): 459-462.

OLAH J, SHARANGI N, DATTA NC. 1986. City sewage fish ponds in Hungary and India. Aquaculture 54: 129- 134.

RAJAN MR, RAJ SP. 1995. Translocation of nutrients phosphorus and nitrogen in sewage-fed fish ponds and its effect on fish life. Environment & Ecology (3): 701-707.

RAJAN MR, RAJ SP. 1996. Sewage recycling through composite fish culture - a study on water purification index (WPI) on the resultant sewage. Journal of Natcon 8(1): 151-157.

SWINgLE HA. 1947. Experiments on pond fertilization. Bulletin of Atlantic Agricultural Experimental Station. No-264. 44p. 

SREENIVASAN A. 1967. Fish production in some rural demonstration ponds in Madras (India) with an account of the chemistry of water and soil. FAO Fishery Report 44(3): 179-197.

SWINGLE HA. 1967. Standardization of chemical analysis for waters and pond muds. FAO Fishery Report 4: 397-421.

SREENIVASAN A, MUTHUSWAMY S. 1979. Fish culture possibilities in sewage treated pond. Madras Journal of Fishery 8: 140-142.

SAHA PK. 1993. Recycling of wastes through aquaculture. Ph. D. Thesis. Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal.

VERMA JP, MOHANTY RC. 1994. Primary productivity and its correlation with certain selected physico-chemical and biocommunity parameters. Environment & Ecology 12(3): 625-629.

WELCH PS. 1948. Limnological methods. Blakiston, Philadelphia, USA.

WELCH PS. 1952. Limnology, 2nd ed. McFraw Hill, New York.

WETZEL B. 1983. Limnology, 2nd ed. Saunders College Publishing.