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Development and Evaluation of a Culturally Sensitive Food Frequency Questionnaire for the Assessment of Prebiotic and Probiotic Intake of Urban-living, Low-to-medium-income Women

Cecile Leah T. Bayaga1*, Marietoni B. Pico1, Demetria C. Bongga1,
Erniel B. Barrios2, and Alonzo A. Gabriel3

1Breastmilk Research Laboratory, Department of Food
Science and Nutrition, College of Home Economics, University of the Philippines,
Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines 2School of Statistics,
University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines
3Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food
Science and Nutrition, College of Home Economics, University of the Philippines,
Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines


*Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; 981-8500 local 3412

 

 


ABSTRACT

Modern food product development has introduced maternal consumers to functional foods.  Prebiotics and probiotics are well-known functional food components. This study developed a culturally sensitive, qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess the prebiotic and probiotic intakes of healthy, urban-living Filipino women.  Food items in the developed FFQ were based on five datasets of information.  Reproducibility was tested by comparing respondents’ (n = 73) responses on Day 30 (FFQ1) and Day 31 (FFQ2). Verification of the developed tool was conducted by comparing responses from the FFQs with multiple food recalls obtained from the same respondents and sampling time. Thirteen (13) food groups with 39 unique food items were included in the developed FFQ. Binomial results showed matched responses of food items (38/39) between FFQ1 and FFQ2. Comparison of the results of FFQ and multiple food recalls showed highly similar responses. The developed FFQ to assess prebiotic and probiotic intakes of women was reproducible and has been verified.

 

INTRODUCTION

Good nutrition during pregnancy has long been recognized as important for adequate fetal growth and desirable pregnancy outcomes (Marangoni et al. 2016).  Weight gain during pregnancy is determined by overall nutrition adequacy, which is highly dependent on a sufficient supply of calories and essential nutrients (Baer et al. 2005). Therefore, adequate maternal intake of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, and fatty acids – and micronutrients such as zinc, iron, folate, vitamin C, and calcium – has been recommended (Jensen 1995, Baer et al. 2005, Bayaga and Gavino 2006, Ballard and Morrow 2013). . . . . read more

 


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