Philippine Journal of Science
153 (4): 1381-1391, August 2024
ISSN 0031 – 7683
Date Received: 01 Feb 2024

Optimizing and Determination of Natural Bio-catharantin Mutagen in Polyploidization of Triploid Lembah Palu Shallot (Allium wakegi Araki)

Khusnul Khatima1, Rinaldi Sjahril2*, Feranita Haring2, Muhammad Riadi2, Astina Tambung2, Novitasari2, Rosana Agus3, Maemunah4, Edi Santosa5, Ireneus Seno Prasojo6, Trisnawaty AR6,7, Nurhaya J. Panga6,8, Aisyah Febriani9, Asia Arifin9, and Budi Setiadi Daryono11

1Agrotechnology Graduate Study Program, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245 Indonesia. 2Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245 Indonesia. 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245 Indonesia. 4Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu, Central Sulawesi 94118 Indonesia. 5Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, West Java 16680 Indonesia. 6Agriculture Science Study Program, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245 Indonesia. 7Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang, Sidenreng Rappang, South Sulawesi 91651 Indonesia. 8Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Musamus, Merauke, Papua 99611 Indonesia. 9Agrotechnology Undergraduate Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245 Indonesia. 10Department of Agro-ecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Universitas Sulawesi Barat, Majene, West Sulawesi 91412 Indonesia. 11Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia

*Corresponding author: rinaldi.sjahril@gmail.com

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Khatima K et al.. 2024. Optimizing and Determination of Natural Bio-catharantin Mutagen in Polyploidization of Triploid Lembah Palu Shallot (Allium wakegi Araki). Philipp J Sci 153(4): 1381–1391. https://doi.org/10.56899/153.04.12

 

ABSTRACT

Induction of polyploidy can be achieved using chemical mutagen or antimitotic compounds that affect cell division, resulting in doubling number of chromosomes. A new inducer for chromosome doubling mutation agent – bio-catharantin – may be used. This report determined the mortality rate of bio-catharantin used for mutation induction experiments in shallot plants. Two sets of experiments were arranged in a two factorial randomized block design, i.e. five levels of biocatharantin concentration treatment (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0%) combined with soaking periods of 6-, 12-, and 24-h. Each combination was repeated three times, with five seed bulbs in each combination. The result shows that the mortality rate of shallot tends to increase with increasing concentration and soaking time. A high percentage of the mortality rate was found at all concentrations other than control at 24-h soaking time. Hence, the mortality rate of prolonged soaking (24 h) is greater at higher concentrations. However, at lower concentrations of 2.5 and 5% for 6- and 12-h soaking time the mortality rate was low (13 and 27%, 7 and 60%, respectively). Meanwhile, at 10%, the result shows relatively high mortality rates (13 and 73%, respectively). Administration of bio-catharantin at 5 and 10% with a 12-h soaking period causes optimal mortality rate, whereas the germination rate shows the opposite trend. To find the accuracy of the efficacy of bio-catharantin concentration between 5–10%, we introduced 7.5% in the second experiment. The concentration of 7.5% has a significant effect on leaf diameter, where it becomes smaller as inhibited by increased concentration (2.5 and 5.0%) but becomes larger again at 7.5% (0.59 mm) nearing control (0.70 mm) and drops again to 0.23 mm (10%). This is not usually the trend of inhibition when a larger concentration is used except when polyploidization has taken effect, presumably at 7.5% bio-catharantin with a 12-h immersion period. Keywords: bio-catharantin, Lembah Palu, mutagen, polyploidization, shallot