Philippine Journal of Science
151 (5): 1633-1645, October 2022
ISSN 0031 – 7683
Date Received: 01 Dec 2021

Genetic Diversity of Philippine Native Pigs
(Sus scrofa L.) from Quezon and Marinduque
Based on Morphological and Microsatellite Markers

Dan Joseph C. Logronio¹, Rick Julius D. Cruz²,
Genevieve Mae B. Aquino-Ang³, Renato S.A. Vega², Ma. Carmina C. Manuel¹,
Celia B. de la Viña¹, Elpidio Basilio Jr.⁴, Yu Ten Ju⁵, and Rita P. Laude¹*

¹Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna 4031 Philippines
²Institute of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Food Science,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna 4031 Philippines
³Philippine Genome Center–Agriculture,
Office of the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Extension,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna 4031 Philippines
⁴College of Agriculture and Home Science, Ifugao State University,
Lamut, Ifugao 3605 Philippines
⁵Department of Animal Science and Technology,
National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617 Taiwan

*Corresponding author: ritalaude50@gmail.com

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Logronio DJ et al. 2022. Genetic Diversity of Philippine Native Pigs (Sus scrofa L.) from Quezon and Marinduque
Based on Morphological and Microsatellite Markers. Philipp J Sci 151(5): 1633–1645. https://doi.org/10.56899/151.05.08

 

ABSTRACT

Nine microsatellite markers recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization were used to measure the genetic diversity of Quezon and Marinduque native pig populations – with a total of 37 and 40 individuals, respectively. All markers were discovered to be polymorphic, with a mean number of alleles per locus of 10. Marinduque native pigs were found to have a mean effective number of alleles (EA), mean observed heterozygosity (HO), mean expected heterozygosity (HE), and mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 5.005 ± 0.547, 0.673 ± 0.040, 0.780 ± 0.024, and 0.76 ± 0.03, respectively. By contrast, Quezon native pigs had mean EA, mean HO, mean HE, and mean PIC values of 5.280 ± 0.787, 0.634 ± 0.044, 0.773 ± 0.035, and 0.75 ± 0.04, respectively. Between the two populations, the heterozygosity (HE > HO) and positive values of FIS (0.1714) and FIT (0.1868) indicated a low number of heterozygotes, suggesting the possibility of inbreeding. The test of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) showed that three loci each in the Quezon and Marinduque native pig populations deviated from HWE. Although morphological analysis revealed significant differences in snout shape, head profile, ear type, and all morphometric traits, a low level of genetic differentiation between the two populations was observed (FST = 0.0186; Nei genetic distance = 0.130; Nei unbiased genetic distance = 0.082). Overall, these findings imply that further studies on the genetic improvement and conservation of Philippine native pigs are required for the development of signature pig breeds across the country.